Cholinergic–dopaminergic interplay and prediction error broadcasting in reinforcement learning

• Basal forebrain cholinergic and midbrain dopaminergic projection systems form a coordinated, cross-regulating architecture for encoding prediction errors.¹
• Whether and how these neuromodulatory systems cooperate or compete to control associative learning had been unresolved; they jointly support prediction error broadcasting.¹
• Neuromodulatory systems critically influence reinforcement learning; their coordinated encoding is core computational neuroscience.^{1 1}

Footnotes

1. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706866v1?rss=1 ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴