Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) delivers electrical impulses to the vagus nerve — the longest cranial nerve, running from the brainstem through the neck to the thorax and abdomen — to modulate neural circuits involved in epilepsy, depression, inflammation, and motor recovery.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain-stimulation technique that uses rapidly changing magnetic fields generated by a coil placed on the scalp to induce electric currents in underlying cortical tissue.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivers weak direct electrical current (typically 1-2 mA) to the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applies sinusoidal electrical currents to the scalp at specific frequencies, with the goal of entraining endogenous brain oscillations.
Steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are periodic neural responses generated in the visual cortex when a person gazes at a visual stimulus flickering at a constant frequency.
Trade press reported that Chinese BCI startup StairMed closed a financing round described as about $72.8 million.1 A separate syndicated report described the round as about $73 million and said the company would use funds to advance brain–machine interface (BMI) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) sys...
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) delivers electrical pulses to the dorsal columns or dorsal root entry zones of the spinal cord via implanted epidural electrodes.
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are computational models that process information using discrete spikes — binary events transmitted between units at specific times — mirroring the fundamental signaling mechanism of biological neurons.
Seizure detection and prediction systems use neural signal analysis to identify epileptic seizures in real time or forecast their occurrence before clinical onset.
Retinal prostheses are neural-implants designed to restore visual perception in individuals with outer retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
A randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled trial enrolled 36 male soccer players into active tDCS, sham tDCS, or no-intervention control while continuing regular training.1 Active stimulation was 1.5 mA tDCS over the right DLPFC for 20 minutes, 5 days/week for 4 weeks; sham was 1 minute of 1.5 mA ...
A Nature Neuroscience article (online 18 March 2026; DOI 10.1038/s41593-026-02229-9) reports longitudinal, long-duration precision fMRI in people receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS).1 Stimulation-related activity patterns dissociate globus pallidus circuits from primary motor cortex (M1) circuit...
A Frontiers in Human Neuroscience paper applies polarity-considered EEG microstate labeling to stimulus-driven classification in an oddball paradigm, reporting improved classification accuracy versus approaches that ignore polarity in the stated framing.1 The authors motivate BCIs as needing effici...
Peripheral nerve interfaces are devices that establish electrical communication with nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, typically targeting motor and sensory nerves in the limbs.
A Frontiers in Neuroscience survey addresses stroke and spinal cord injury populations with persistent motor/sensory deficits and frames invasive BCIs—especially ECoG—as a potential route to bypass injury and restore function.1 Researchers surveyed receptiveness to surgical implantation of ECoG gri...
The P300 is a positive-going event-related potential (ERP) component that peaks approximately 300 milliseconds after an infrequent or task-relevant stimulus is presented within a stream of frequent stimuli.
Optogenetics is a biological technique that uses light to control neurons that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels (opsins).
Neurotechnology ethics encompasses the moral, social, and legal questions raised by technologies that record, stimulate, or interface with the human nervous system.
Neurorehabilitation is the medical process of aiding recovery from nervous system injury or disease, encompassing therapeutic strategies for stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Neuroimaging refers to the set of techniques used to visualize brain structure and function, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG), eeg, and optical imaging methods.
Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback in which real-time measurements of brain activity are presented to the user, enabling them to learn voluntary self-regulation of specific neural signals.
Neural decoding refers to the computational process of extracting information about stimuli, intentions, or cognitive states from recorded neural activity.
NeuCyber is described in trade/aggregator coverage as a China-backed brain–computer interface company.1 A March 2026 Inshorts headline claims NeuCyber said it is about three years behind Neuralink and frames China as the “second country” to begin human trials of implantable BCI—claims that should b...
A Journal of Neural Engineering study targets passive BCIs for mental workload using code-based VEP (c-VEP), motivated by conventional flickering VEP/c-VEP stimuli being distracting and visually uncomfortable.1 The approach combines near-invisible, texture-based flicker embedded in UI regions of in...
Mave Health is reported to have raised $2.1 million toward a neurotechnology wearable positioned for focus support and stress regulation.1 Coverage describes the product lane as consumer neurofeedback or light neuromodulation adjacent to consumer BCI-style applications, and characterizes the round ...
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the weak magnetic fields generated by electrical currents in neuronal assemblies, providing a non-invasive window into brain activity with millisecond temporal resolution.
Local field potentials (LFPs) are extracellular voltage fluctuations recorded from within brain tissue, reflecting the aggregate synaptic activity, dendritic processing, and subthreshold membrane oscillations of neuronal populations near the electrode tip.
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivers small electrical currents through microelectrodes implanted directly in the cerebral cortex to activate nearby neurons with high spatial and temporal precision.
Annual 10-day intensive program by g.tec medical engineering covering BCI foundations, invasive and non-invasive recording, AI-driven decoding, neurorehabilitation, and the BR41N.IO global hackathon.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical neuroimaging technique that measures changes in cerebral oxygenation by detecting the differential absorption of near-infrared light by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures brain activity indirectly by detecting changes in blood oxygenation — the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal — that accompany neural activity.
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) applies controlled electrical currents to peripheral nerves or muscles to produce functional movements in individuals with paralysis or motor impairment.
Foundation models for neural data are large-scale, pre-trained models designed to learn general representations from brain recordings — spanning EEG, ECoG, fMRI, and intracortical spike trains — that can then be fine-tuned or adapted for specific downstream tasks.
Focused ultrasound stimulation-and-neuromodulation uses converging beams of low-intensity acoustic energy to non-invasively modulate neural activity in targeted brain regions.
A Frontiers in Human Neuroscience study used 48-channel fNIRS during robot-assisted upper-limb training after stroke across four modes in a single session: Passive, Assistive-active, Active, and Mirror.1 Forty-one stroke patients were grouped by functional level, chronicity, and hemiplegic side.1 T...
Epia Neuro is developing an implanted brain–computer interface aimed at helping stroke patients recover hand movement, described in mainstream coverage as pairing cortical recording with a motorized glove for rehabilitation.1 The same reporting frames the goal as supporting cortical “rewiring” to r...
Endovascular brain-computer interfaces are neural recording and stimulation devices implanted through the vascular system rather than via open craniotomy.
Electrocorticography (ECoG) records electrical activity directly from the surface of the cerebral cortex using electrode grids or strips placed subdurally.
A Journal of Neural Engineering study frames motor learning as central to neurorehabilitation after conditions such as stroke and proposes pairing BCIs with repetitive TMS while criticizing fixed-schedule rTMS that ignores ongoing brain state.1 The protocol delivers closed-loop, BCI-gated rTMS time...
Deep brain-stimulation (DBS) involves the surgical implantation of electrodes into specific subcortical brain structures, delivering continuous or patterned electrical stimulation to modulate neural circuit activity.
Cochlear implants are neural-implants that restore auditory perception in individuals with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss by directly stimulating the auditory nerve.
Closed-loop neurotechnology refers to systems that record neural or physiological signals, process them in real time, and use the decoded information to adjust stimulation, feedback, or device output on a moment-to-moment basis.
A brain-spine interface is a closed-loop neuroprosthetic system that creates a wireless digital bridge between the brain and the spinal cord, restoring volitional control of movement after paralysis.
Brain stimulation encompasses a family of techniques that modulate neural activity by delivering energy — electrical, magnetic, acoustic, or optical — to brain tissue.
Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging therapeutic paradigm that uses implanted or external devices to modulate electrical signaling in the peripheral nervous system to treat disease.
Beinao-1 is described as a semi-invasive brain–machine interface (BMI) system presented during a media tour in Beijing.1 Coverage appeared via Reuters Connect and was indexed under Google News brain–machine interface topic aggregation.1 Available materials emphasize a press-style demonstration rath...
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